Families who refuse to vaccinate their children will be barred from accessing some benefits under tightened "no jab, no pay" laws in Australia.
The policy change comes amid a debate over immunisation for children, with some parents concerned vaccines against deadly diseases are dangerous.
The anti-vaccination movement has coincided with the resurgence of measles, a preventable disease, in some European countries as well as in parts of the United States.
Prime Minister Tony Abbott said: "It's essentially a 'no jab, no pay' policy from this government.
"It's a very important public health announcement. It's a very important measure to keep our children and our families as safe as possible."
Under current Australian laws, parents who have "conscientious objections" about immunisation can claim childcare and welfare payments.
If the measures are passed those parents would be denied the payments - which include childcare rebates, benefits and family tax benefit supplements - potentially missing out on almost £8,000 (Aus$15,000) per child annually.
Parents unwilling to vaccinate the children on medical or religious grounds will still be allowed to access some benefits, although under tighter eligibility requirements.
Social Services Minister Scott Morrison said no mainstream religions had registered vaccination objections with the government.
The new measures have to be passed by parliament but are supported by the Labor opposition. They are set to come into force at the start of 2016.
Australia has vaccination rates of over 90% for children aged one to five years.
But the government said more than 39,000 children aged under seven were not vaccinated because their parents objected - an increase of more than 24,000 children over the past decade.
Mr Abbott said his government was "extremely concerned" about the risks such actions posed to the rest of the population.
In a joint statement with Mr Morrison, he said: "The choice made by families not to immunise their children is not supported by public policy or medical research nor should such action be supported by taxpayers in the form of child care payments."
Many people who do not vaccinate their children say they fear a triple vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella is responsible for increasing cases of autism - a theory repeatedly disproven by various studies.
The controversy dates back to the publication of a now discredited article in the Lancet medical journal in 1998.
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